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Sensitive Teeth: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Remedies

Teeth sensitivity is a concern for many people. Whether it be a sharp pain when eating something crunchy, discomfort when eating something cold, or you notice that something just isn’t right when you are eating something sweet, teeth sensitivity makes you stop and take notice. When you understand the cause of the type of sensitivity you have, it empowers you to be able to take action so that you can enjoy your favorite foods without fear. This blog covers all the types of sensitivity, what causes them, dental treatments as well as some home remedies for sensitive teeth.

Understanding Sensitive Teeth

Sensitivity comes from the firing off of the nerve inside of your tooth, or the nerves that give feeling to the structures that support your tooth in the jawbone. The teeth should be covered with enamel. Enamel is the hardest structure in your body and is made to withstand the forces of chewing. The enamel does not have any feeling. The dentin is the structure right under the enamel. It is made up of millions of tiny little tubes that are filled with liquid. When the dentin is stimulated that makes the liquid move and can translate the signal to the nerve that resides in the center of the tooth. When the gums recede, the dentin is exposed in the mouth and can get stimulated causing sensitivity. Also, when the enamel is worn down due to teeth grinding, the dentin layer is exposed and can cause sensitivity.

Types of Teeth Sensitivity

There are various types of teeth sensitivity, and identifying which one you have can help determine the most appropriate treatment. The main types include:

  1. Temperature Sensitivity:
    Cold sensitivity is the most common. If the teeth are a little sensitive with cold, but the sensitivity goes away as soon as the cold stimulus goes away, then this is normally not an indication of a serious problem. Now, cold sensitivity that is intense and lingers around and turns into a toothache, or heat sensitivity needs to be looked at by a dentist. This is a sign of a more serious problem.
  2. Touch Sensitivity:
    If you are experiencing sensitivity when something comes in contact with your teeth like your toothbrush, this is normally a sign that the ligament between your tooth and the bone is injured or disturbed. This can happen after you get your teeth cleaned, or if you get popcorn kernels stuck between your teeth, or if you get food stuck between your teeth. Try brushing and flossing your teeth thoroughly, then leaving the area alone for a day or so, if it does not subside on its own, then you should see your dentist to find the cause.
  3. Sweet and Acidic Sensitivity:
    Sensitivity to sugary or acidic foods and drinks is also common and can be a sign that there is active tooth decay somewhere.
  4. Pressure Sensitivity:
    This type of sensitivity occurs when you bite down or apply pressure to your teeth, often indicating an underlying issue such as tooth decay, a cracked tooth, or a poorly fitting dental restoration, or an infection festering under the tooth.

Causes of Sensitive Teeth

Several factors contribute to the development of sensitive teeth. Understanding these causes can help you prevent and manage the condition more effectively.
  1. Enamel Erosion: The enamel is the hard, protective outer layer of the tooth. Acidic foods, sugary drinks, and acidic plaque can erode the enamel over time, exposing the sensitive dentin beneath. This erosion often leads to temperature and sweet sensitivity.
  2. Gum Recession: Gum recession occurs when the gums pull back from the teeth, exposing the roots. The roots do not have enamel to protect them, making them highly susceptible to sensitivity.
  3. Tooth Decay and Cavities: Cavities create holes in the enamel, allowing external stimuli to reach the tooth’s nerve. Untreated tooth decay can lead to increased sensitivity and more severe dental issues.
  4. Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Grinding your teeth, especially at night, can wear down the enamel and cause cracks in the teeth, leading to sensitivity. It can also put pressure on the teeth, contributing to pressure sensitivity.
  5. Aggressive Brushing: Brushing your teeth too hard or using a toothbrush with stiff bristles can wear down the enamel and cause gum recession, both of which can result in sensitivity.
  6. Dental Procedures: Teeth may become temporarily sensitive after dental procedures such as fillings, crowns, or teeth whitening. This sensitivity usually subsides after a few days but can persist in some cases.
  7. Cracked or Chipped Teeth: Cracks or chips in the teeth can expose the dentin or reach the nerve, causing sensitivity and pain. These issues should be addressed promptly to prevent further damage.

How to Treat Sensitive Teeth

Treating sensitive teeth often involves a combination of at-home care and professional dental treatments. Here’s how to treat sensitive teeth effectively:

  1. Use Desensitizing Toothpaste:
    Desensitizing toothpaste has a special kind of fluoride in it specially formulated to block the transmission of pain signals from the surface of the tooth to the nerve. Regular use can help reduce sensitivity over time. Look for products containing ingredients like potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride.
  2. Switch to a Soft-Bristled Toothbrush:
    Using a soft-bristled toothbrush can help prevent further enamel wear and gum recession. Brush gently in a circular motion rather than applying excessive pressure.
  3. Avoid Acidic and Sugary Foods:
    Limiting your intake of acidic and sugary foods can help prevent enamel erosion and reduce sensitivity, it can also reduce the risk of tooth decay. If you do consume these foods, rinse your mouth with water afterward to neutralize the acids.
  4. Wear a Mouthguard at Night:
    If you grind your teeth at night, wearing a custom-fitted mouthguard can protect your enamel from further damage and reduce sensitivity.
  5. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene:
    Proper brushing and flossing techniques can help prevent gum recession and tooth decay, reducing the likelihood of developing sensitive teeth. Consider using fluoride mouthwash to strengthen enamel.
  6. Consult Your Dentist:
    If your sensitivity persists despite at-home care, consult your dentist. They can assess the severity of your condition and recommend treatments such as fluoride varnishes, dental bonding, or a night guard for bruxism.
  7. Consider Dental Procedures:
    In cases where sensitivity is caused by severe enamel loss, gum recession, or damaged teeth, your dentist may recommend procedures like gum grafting, root canal therapy, or the placement of crowns or veneers to protect the affected teeth.

Remedies for Sensitive Teeth

In addition to the treatments mentioned above, several home remedies can provide relief from sensitive teeth. These include:

  1. Salt Water Rinse:
    Rinsing your mouth with warm salt water can help reduce inflammation and provide temporary relief from sensitivity. Mix half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and rinse for 30 seconds.
  2. Hydrogen Peroxide Rinse:
    Hydrogen peroxide can help reduce pain and inflammation in sensitive teeth. Dilute hydrogen peroxide with water (one part peroxide to two parts water) and swish it around your mouth for 30 seconds before spitting it out. Be sure to rinse your mouth with water afterward.
  3. Coconut Oil Pulling:
    Coconut oil pulling involves swishing a tablespoon of coconut oil in your mouth for 15-20 minutes. This practice can help reduce bacteria and plaque, contributing to less sensitivity.
  4. Green Tea:
    Green tea has anti-inflammatory properties and can help soothe sensitive teeth. Drinking unsweetened green tea or using it as a mouthwash can provide relief.

Conclusion

Sensitive teeth can significantly impact your quality of life, but with the right approach, you can manage the condition effectively. Understanding the causes and types of teeth sensitivity is the first step in finding the most suitable treatment. By following the tips on how to treat sensitive teeth and exploring the remedies for sensitive teeth mentioned in this blog, you can reduce discomfort and protect your dental health. Always consult with your dentist to address any underlying issues and to receive personalized advice tailored to your specific needs.
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